1120 – The White Ship sank in the English Channel, drowning William Adelin, son and heir of Henry I of England.
1487 – Elizabeth of York was crowned Queen of England.
1758 – French and Indian War: British forces captured Fort Duquesne from French control. Later, Fort Pitt was built nearby and grew into modern Pittsburgh.
1783 – American Revolutionary War: The last British troops left New York City three months after the signing of the Treaty of Paris.
1863 – American Civil War: Battle of Missionary Ridge: At Missionary Ridge in Tennessee, Union forces led by General Ulysses S. Grant broke the Siege of Chattanooga by routing Confederate troops under General Braxton Bragg.
1864 – American Civil War: A group of Confederate operatives calling themselves the Confederate Army of Manhattan started fires in more than 20 locations in an unsuccessful attempt to burn down New York City.
1874 – The United States Greenback Party was established as a political party consisting primarily of farmers affected by the Panic of 1873.
1876 – American Indian Wars: In retaliation for the American defeat at the Battle of the Little Bighorn, United States Army troops sacked the sleeping village of Cheyenne Chief Dull Knife at the headwaters of the Powder River.
1915 – Albert Einstein presented the field equations of general relativity to the Prussian Academy of Sciences.
1926 – The deadliest November tornado outbreak in U.S. history killed 76 people and injured more than 400.
1947 – Red Scare: The “Hollywood Ten” were blacklisted by Hollywood movie studios.
1950 – The Great Appalachian Storm of 1950 impacted 22 American states, killed 353 people, injured over 160, and caused US$66.7 million in damages (1950 dollars).
1952 – Agatha Christie’s murder-mystery play The Mousetrap opened at the Ambassadors Theatre in London’s West End after a premiere in Nottingham, UK. It became the longest continuously running play in history.
1952 – Korean War: After 42 days of fighting, the Battle of Triangle Hill ended in a Chinese victory. American and South Korean units abandoned their attempt to capture the “Iron Triangle”.
1961 – The Everly Brothers were inducted into the U.S. Marine Corps Reserves.
1963 – State funeral of John F. Kennedy; after lying in state at the United States Capitol, a Requiem Mass took place at Cathedral of St. Matthew the Apostle and the President was buried at Arlington National Cemetery.
1966 – The Jimi Hendrix Experience made its London performance debut at the Bag O’ Nails Club.
1984 – Thirty-six top musicians gathered in a Notting Hill studio and recorded Band Aid’s “Do They Know It’s Christmas?” in order to raise money for famine relief in Ethiopia.
1985 – Bobby Brown announced that he was leaving New Edition. He had been voted out of the group.
1986 – Iran–Contra affair: U.S. Attorney General Edwin Meese announced that profits from covert weapons sales to Iran were illegally diverted to the anti-communist Contra rebels in Nicaragua.
1999 – A five-year-old Cuban boy, Elian Gonzalez, was rescued by fishermen while floating in an inner tube off the Florida coast.
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